Many of you have seen the movie "2012" or other Hollywood paintings showing the destruction caused by volcanic eruptions. Do you think these are fairy tales? No matter how! There are several so-called “supervolcanoes” in the world whose activity can seriously affect the existence of mankind. In this article, we will tell you about seven volcanoes that can change the climate and destroy millions of people.
Get ready to read about the volcano responsible for the largest eruption in history (it can still break its record) or the American volcano that threatens the lives of half the US population.
The destructive power of volcanoes is truly impressive. According to the assurances of scientists, if a chain wave of eruptions began, the threat of destruction would hang over all countries of the world, regardless of their level of development, wealth and military power.
And if you just want to enjoy beautiful pictures of volcanic eruptions, then on our site most-beauty.ru there is an article with amazing photographs from Francisco Negroni.
1
Yellowstone Caldera
The destructive power of the Yellowstone volcano is so great that it can be assessed as the main danger to the entire American continent. Its eruption will lead to the complete destruction of the United States and will have a serious impact on the life of neighboring countries. Geologists warn that the probability of an eruption of this volcano this year reaches 0.00014%.
The release of magma can destroy all life within a radius of several thousand kilometers, and damage will take several decades to repair. Scientists have discovered that under the crater in Yellowstone is stored a huge "reservoir" of magma, which is enough to fill more than 10 Grand Canyons to the brim!
2
Caldera Ira
Like Yellowstone, Ira is a caldera formed as a result of an eruption of gigantic proportions. Her education occurred about 22 thousand years ago. Inside the caldera is the active Sakurajima volcano. He regularly throws clouds of ash, erupting almost constantly. The volcano is assigned a third degree of danger, which prohibits people from approaching it, although constant excursions are conducted in the surrounding areas, and a whole exhibition devoted to the past eruptions of the volcano is held in the center opened for this reason.
As for the caldera of this volcano, it was formed at the beginning of the 20th century as a result of the most powerful eruption of Sakurajima. Fortunately, the earthquake preceding the eruption caused the evacuation of people from the island, so Japan managed to avoid major casualties. The eruption was the largest for the Land of the Rising Sun in the 20th century. Lava flowed from craters for several days.
3
Toba Lake
Indonesian Toba Lake is located inside the volcano, which is associated with the strongest eruption in 25 million years. Lava emissions from the supervolcano of the same name led to climate change and slowed population growth. There is no doubt that a huge number of human victims also influenced genetics.
Scientists suggest that the eruption, as well as the subsequent volcanic winter, radically changed the human race. Magma emissions amounted to 28 thousand cubic kilometers, volcanic ash and ingimbrite about 8 thousand km³. The area, with an area of 20 thousand km², was completely destroyed by a pyroclastic flow consisting of stones, ash and volcanic gases.
4
Supervolcano Taupo
Taupo holds a sad record - this volcano erupted more often than others in the world. Its two eruptions became the largest in the last 70 thousand years. They were named Oruanui and Hatepe. Of the hundreds of “explosions,” it was precisely these two that caused the greatest damage to the state of nature and human existence.
The eruption of Oruanui was accompanied by a huge amount of pyroclastic material emissions (about 430 km³). It was it that led to the formation of a huge caldera, part of which was filled with Lake Taupo. Oruanui was the largest eruption since the Toba disaster. As for Hatepe, the height of the lava emissions (eruptive column) was 50 km.
5
Mount Pektusan
Mount Pektusan or Baitoushan is located between North Korea and China, being a potentially active volcano. Ironically, the volcano is located in an already explosive region. Pektusan is the highest mountain of the Korean Peninsula and northeastern China. Its apex does not reach up to 2750 meters. At the top of the mountain is the Heavenly Lake of the crater type, where, according to legend, Kim Jong Yir was born (we know that he was born in the Khabarovsk Territory, while there were no rainbows and brightest stars in the sky). The lake was formed as a result of the eruption that occurred in 946 AD. e., and has become one of the largest in the last 5 thousand. The ash cloud was so large that it reached the coast of Japan.
By the way, on our site most-beauty.ru you can enjoy a photo of the most beautiful lakes in the world with a cup of tea.
6
Rinjani Stratovolcano
The height of Mount Rinjani, located inside the caldera, is 3,726 meters, making it one of the highest in the world. At the top of the volcano is Lake Segara Anak, which translates as “the child of the sea”, and is explained by a water similar to the sea color. Inside the caldera there are hot springs that heat the water in the lake and create something like a jacuzzi. In 2010, there were three volcanic eruptions, and at the end of the 50s of the 13th century, Rinjani included the Samalas volcano, whose eruption is considered one of the largest in the last 7 thousand years, along with Taupo and Pektusan eruptions. The height of Samalas mountain was 4200 meters, but only the crater lake remained after the eruption.
7
Tambora Volcano
Previously, the height of Mount Tambora was about 4300 meters, but one of the largest eruptions in the history of mankind “shortened” it to 2850 meters. The eruption occurred at the beginning of the XIX century, and was heard even at a distance of 1200 km. 71 thousand people died only from lava, later many cases of deaths as a result of radioactive fallout were recorded. The natural disaster was called "a year without summer", it led to a terrible famine in almost the whole of Indonesia. The first person who decided to climb the top of the mountain after the eruption was the Swiss scientist Heinrich Zollinger. He ascended in 1857 when he discovered on Tabor a powdery substance that slowly “sucked” it inside. Fortunately, everything worked out and the botanist was able to continue his scientific activity, although he died only 2 years later from liver disease.
Posted by: gunner1886